Understanding And Appreciation Of Wolf s Ontological...

In the following reflective response, I shall try to explain few of Wolf’s central arguments in Europe and the People without History (1981). In doing so, I shall attempt to demonstrate my understanding and appreciation of Wolf’s ontological premises. The central assertion of Wolf resonates with what C. W. Mills argues in The Sociological Imagination (1959). Mills stresses the importance of crafting a sociological imagination which would enable sociologists (and other academic professionals related to the field of humanities as well as general audience) to be cognizant of the relationship between their personal experiences and the wider society. In other words, the sociological imagination is the proper recognition of the dialectical interplay between micro and macro history. When sociologists take into account a single case, they should be aware of its broader context, i.e. the totality in which it exists. That totality not only encompasses geography and social setting s, but also the macro history. Wolf, in a similar fashion, asserts the importance of this totality. This theme is also apparent in various works of scholars like E. Wallenstein, Edward Said, Samir Amin and A. G. Frank. I am in a complete agreement with Wolf (and all other scholars) here. Most of the problems of the modern day world emanate from these misconceived notions - USA, Middle East, European culture, East, West, First World, Third World. In my opinion, Wolf’s argument is justified when he says thatShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesMichael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas, recognizing their intellectual strengths and capabilities rather than maki ng artificial distinctions between what is acceptable and what is not. He also has contributed widely to the accounting

Eth 316 Company Code of Ethics - 1035 Words

Company Code of Ethics Company Code of Ethics Wal-Mart was started over fifty years ago in Arkansas and within those fifty years has emerged into the largest retailer in the world. Wal-Mart operates in many countries with thousands of stores and millions of employees. One reason for Wal-Mart’s is the value and hard work they put into upholding their code of ethics. Wal-Mart has three basic beliefs – respect for the individual, service to their customers, and striving for excellence. Of the five key elements that I believe are key foundations for the ethics and character for the company, three come from their basic beliefs. The five key elements of Wal-Mart’s code of conduct are – respect, service to customers, striving for†¦show more content†¦By demanding that all associates lead with integrity in the workplace this means fewer problems for employees or customers. Integrity helps to cover issues dealing with bribery, relationships between employees, and financial integrity. Some social benefits to integrity and honesty are that Wal-Mart reports their financial information without trying to disclose their personal information. This also helps Wal-Mart to make better business choices with accurate financial information. Wal-Mart also believes in free and open trade and will not accept any types of bribes in our country or abroad. This ensures that even overseas Wal-Mart is continuing to remain ethical and fair with trade. Wal-Mart complies with all laws both in the United States and out of the country. Each company should have a code of ethics and I think their code of ethics should be in plain view or easy for associates to locate. This is important because employees should know what is most important to each company as far as their ethics are considered. Associates are always trained how to do the physical aspects of their job. However many associates are not aware of what their company’s ethical and social responsibilities are. Having a code of conduct makes employees more aware and accountable of how they should behave and conduct themselves as representatives of their organization. If aShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Ethics697 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Ethics Jessie Banks ETH/316 October 27, 2014 Mario Madrid Organizational Ethics Business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues are part of organizational ethics. These ethics are often guided by the law; most business uses ethics in order to be accepted by the public or to have a successful business. Ethical principles can address organizational issues which help the organization to follow good practices within their organization or company. I am partRead MoreEssay on Uop Ethics/316 Week 5 Cross Cultural Perspectives1340 Words   |  6 PagesCross Cultural Perspectives Brian K ETH/316 December 21, 2012 Cross Cultural Perspectives Ethics are the product of a society’s culture so it is natural there will be different responses to similar ethical scenarios. Beekum, Stedam, and Yamamura (2003) suggest these differing conclusions will lead to conflict where one side perceives the outcome is ethical whereas the other does not. Another possible outcome is that one side may not even see a decision even being morally significantRead MoreGreystone Bakery Eth316 Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesA Successful Social Enterprise ETH/316 A Successful Social Enterprise Ethical issues can strengthen both people and the community. Businesses in the community will generate a much more loyal following if they behave in an ethical manner with regard to the community. In this paper I will describe the ethical issues and how those issues may be used in organizational and personal issues, and the association between legal and ethical issues shown in the film, Greyston Bakery. The bakery has operatedRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesInsurance Exchange Subtitle B—Public Health Insurance Option Subtitle C—Individual Affordability Credits TITLE IV—SHARED RESPONSIBILITY Subtitle A—Individual Responsibility Subtitle B—Employer Responsibility TITLE V—AMENDMENTS TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 Subtitle A—Shared Responsibility Subtitle B—Credit for Small Business Employee Health Coverage Expenses Subtitle C—Disclosures To Carry Out Health Insurance Exchange Subsidies Subtitle D—Other Revenue Provisions rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD

Byzantine Empire Free Essays

DBQ 5: Byzantine Empire under Justinian When Justinian became emperor in 527, he wanted to build a new Rome by incorporating the ancient Roman Empire. He made Constantinople the capital of the Byzantine Empire and kept the Roman culture along with the Greek culture for more than a thousand years. Justinian helped rebuild the Roman Empire by the many contributions he gave to the empire; he was able to rule a well-structured empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Byzantine Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Justinian was known partly for rebuilding the Roman Empire; he restored what was left after the defeat between the Romans and the barbaric tribes. But according to document 2 Justinian was hypocritical, secretive by temperament, and two faced. But he was very clever and had a great ability to hide his real opinion. Justinian had such a great power over his empire that he was able to make the people of Constantinople convert to the Christian religion, making them believe in only one God. According to document 3 the emperor was equal to all men in nature of his body, but in authority of his rank he is similar to God, who rules all. What this really means that in eyes of others, Justinian was seen as a godly figure himself, in that he would tell people how to live. Justinian more than anything wanted to restore the Roman Empire, and while restoring it he wanted to include much of the Roman fortifications used in the old Roman Empire. As shown in document 5, Justinian built the Hippodrome which was modeled after The Circus Maximus. Justinian started restoring the Roman Empire by trying to conquer the land that first belonged to the eastern Roman Empire. He gained back southern Spain, all of Italy, and northern Africa. Once he started gaining all this land he had to start to find a way the gain back all the money he spent on conquering land. As shown in document 6, The Byzantine Empire reached its greatest size under Justinian. Because of the location the Constantinople, Justinian had a great advantage because it was right in the center of two cross roads between Asia and Europe, so the empire gained a lot of money in trade because if its location. Because of all these advantages of Constantinople, it was known as the center of power. Without all the contributions Justinian made, the Roman Empire probably wouldn’t have been rebuilt. Out of the many contributions that Justinian gave to the Roman Empire a few stand out. One of the many contributions Justinian made was the building of the Hagia Sophia which was a huge dome like building that when entered gave people the influence of god. In document 3 the Hagia Sophia is described as a spherical-shaped dome that is exceedingly beautiful. The entire ceiling is covered with pure gild, which adds glory to the beauty. The Hagia Sophia was known as a place of god, a place where people worshiped god. This was important because it taught people how important religion was in their lives and the beauty it can bring. Another contribution Justinian gave to the Byzantine Empire was his code of law; his laws kept the empire in order and told people the way to live. According to document 1, people were finding the laws obscure because they had become for more numerous than they should be and in obvious confusion because they disagreed with each other. Justinian preserved them in the Legal Code of Emperor Justinian by controlling their discrepancies with the greatest firmness. That means that he controlled their conflicting ideas by creating this code of law. Justinian created the laws so that everybody had fair rights. Justinian’s main goal in rebuilding the empire was to preserve the Greco-Roman culture. Justinian kept some of the old Roman traditions but fixed them to fit the requirements for the new empire, for example, laws were rearranged to become fair to everybody because many citizens didn’t agree with them and new buildings and structures were constructed which lead to a lot trade and cultural diffusion. Justinian made a large impact to the new empire. How to cite Byzantine Empire, Papers

Intravenous Therapy is an Invasive Procedure Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Evidence Based Nursing Research. Answer: Clinical bottom line The difference between clinically-indicated replacement of peripheral venous catheter and routine replacement of peripheral venous catheter is to be understood for better patient outcomes. Clinical Scenario Among patients hospitalised in different healthcare settings, intravenous therapy is an invasive procedure considered commonly for application. Intravenous catheter insertion is allied with an increased risk of bacteraemia and phlebitis. This results in poor patient outcomes as well as increased health burden. Current guidelines of CDC put forward the recommendation that the peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters are to be replaced every three or four days for the restriction of potential chances of infection. On the other hand, the guideline has cited only single observational study for supporting the related recommendation. The study has created a pool of uncertainty that whether peripheral intravenous catheter management can be done adequately this way. The intervention that has therefore been under consideration as an alternative is that an intravenous peripheral catheter is only to be replaced in the presence of a clinical indication, such as pain, infiltration, redness, blockage , leakage, swelling, and phlebitis. There was, therefore, a necessity to assess the impact of the removal of peripheral IV catheters at the time of clinical indication in comparison to the removal of the catheters on a routine basis (Webster et al., 2010). Question P- Patients admitted at healthcare settings with insertion of intravenous catheters E- Removal of peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated C- Removal of peripheral intravenous catheters in a routine manner O- Significant reduction in risk of phlebitis and bacteraemia T- Until discharge from health care setting Search Strategy Electronic search- The Specialised Register and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) of Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) Group were searched for appropriate publications. The Specialised Register is a collection of weekly electronic searches of AMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, as well as other applicable journals. Other resources- Manufactures and researchers were also contacted for obtaining all relevant unpublished data. There was no language restriction as a translation of the summary of the articles was done. Study Summary Type of study- The studies reported were all randomised controlled trials that compared the effectively routine removal of peripheral IV catheters with the removal of peripheral IV catheters at the time of clinical indication. Cross-over trails were not included in the review. Patients reported- All patients who required a peripheral IV catheter to be placed in situ for three days at a minimal for the applicationof continuous or intermittent therapy. The participatory group included patients cases in nursing homes, hospitals and community settings. Participants receiving parental fluids were not included in the review. Intervention- All duration of clinically-indicated replacement against routine replacement were included. Catheters of any material, coated or non-coated with any material or covered by any dressing were included. Outcomes- Primary outcomes were: Alleged device-related bacteraemia Cost Thrombophlebitis Secondary outcomes were: Infiltration Catheter occlusion Mortality Number of catheter re-sits for each patient Satisfaction Local infection Pain Validity Appropriate measures were taken for eliminating chances of bias. Two review authors were responsible for independently assessing the quality of qualified trials by utilisation of PVD quality assessment criteria. Any arising differences were resolved through consensus to a third reviewer. Reporting bias was evaluated by utilising guidelines in Cochrane Hand-book for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. All the studies included in the review avoided section bias. Allocation concealment was also ensured. Even though the authors of the review were involved in one or more of the trials included in the review, potential bias was eliminated through following clearly described procedures. A proper search for literature was done while the methods used were reproducible and transparent. There was no conflict of interest among the authors. Results In five trials that comprised of 3408 participants 44% reduction was found in the suspected catheter-related bacteraemia in the clinically-indicated group (0.2 versus 0.4%). However this result was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval (CI), odds ratio (OR) 0.57; 0.17 to 1.94; P = 0.37). Assessment of phlebitis was done through six trials with a total number of 3455 patientts. In this case a non-significant increase in phlebitis was noted in the group with replacement of catheters when clinically indicated (9% versus 7.2%). In this case the OR was 1.24 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.60; P = 0.09). phlebitis was alos measured per 1000 device days with the help of data retrieved from five trials. This amounted to a total of 9779 device days. No statistical differences were found in the incidences of phlebitis per 1,000 device days. The comparison was done with 1.6 cases of clinically indicated catheter replacement per 1,000 catheter days, and 1.5 cases of routine catheter replaceme nt per 1,000 catheter days. The combined Odds Ratio was found to be 1.04 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.32; P = 0.77). Measurement of cost was done with two trials and a total number of 961 patients. Significantly reduction of costs of cannulation was noted in the clinically-indicated group (mean difference (MD) -6.21; 95% CI -9.32 to -3.11; P = 0.000). Comments The systematic review was not successful in drawing any conclusive evidence of advantages of changing intravenous catheters every 72 hours or 96 hours. Subsequently, it can be stated that health care organisations are presented with an option to consider significant changes in their policies whereby catheters of patients would only be changed at the time of clinical indication. The ultimate benefit would be a major cost savings as well as better patient outcomes and increased satisfaction level of patients with relieve from clinical pain. Reference Webster, J., Osborne, S., Rickard, C., Hall, J. (2010). Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,3.

The matching hypothesis Essay Example

The matching hypothesis Paper There are many factors involved in the formation of relationships, proximity, exposure and family, similarity, physical attractiveness, complementarily, competence and reciprocal liking. In this investigation, the research will explore attractiveness, specifically the match hypothesis. Zuckerman et al (1995) reported that the more attractive a person seemed to be, the more positive was anothers overall impression of that person. Symons (1979) showed that a womans physical health, age, and uniqueness are attractive to men whereas a mans status, height, skills, and abilities are attractive to women. Berry and Miller (2001) found that males rated physical attractiveness as the best predictor for higher quality interactions with woman, while woman rated sociability as the most important factor for men. A study was carried out by Walster et al in 1966 known as the computer dance study. 752 freshers took part. First they were told to fill in a questionnaire, after which they were told that they had been allocated an ideal partner for the evening of the dance. These pairings however, had been made at random on basis of their physical attractiveness. Students were asked how much they liked their date and if they wanted to see them again. They found that physical attractiveness was the single biggest predictor of how much each date had been liked by both male and the female participants. The desire of another date was determined by the attractiveness of the female, irrespective of the attractiveness of the male. When we see a person in the street we automatically rate that persons attractiveness, whether we do it consciously or unconsciously. We will write a custom essay sample on The matching hypothesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The matching hypothesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The matching hypothesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The matching hypothesis is a popular psychological theory proposed by Walster et al. 1966, on what causes people to be attracted to their partners. It claims that people are more likely to form long- lasting relationships with people who are roughly equally as physically attractive as themselves. This investigation is going to replicate this study. The matching phenomenon of physical attraction between marriage partners is stable within and across generations, Price and Vandenberg 1979. Several studies have tested the matching hypothesis. These studies generally show that people rated as being of high, low or average attractiveness tend to choose partners of a corresponding level of attractiveness. Several studies have been carried out that explore this field of interest for, Murstein (1972) who also supports the matching hypothesis did a study with photographs of the faces of steady or engaged couples were compared with random couples. The real couples were consistently judged to be more similar to each other in levels of physical attractiveness than the random pairs. Murstein summarised the findings of the study as: Individuals with equal market value for physical attractiveness are more likely to associate in an intimate relationship such as engagement that individuals with disparate values. In simple terms, he found that people with roughly equal attractiveness are more likely to establish an intimate relationship, than if one person out of the couple was seen as being unattractive and the other attractive. This investigation focuses on couples separate attractiveness and their attractiveness as a couple, analysing singular attractiveness and coupled attractiveness. The aim of the study is to investigate the matching hypothesis and to test whether there is a positive correlation between the scores of perceived attractiveness of the male and female of the married couples and also as a couple. This investigation differs to previous studies carried out in this area of interest, as the photographs are not separated and the males and females are rated separately in terms of attractiveness. Participants were also asked to rate the photos as a couple. The hypothesis: There would be a positive correlation between participants perceived scores of attractiveness of photographs of married couples. Null hypothesis: There would be no correlation between participants perceived scores of attractiveness of photographs of married couples. Method The method chosen for this study was a correlational research method, as a relationship between the two variables was being investigated. The co-variance is the male and female scores. All the photos used throughout the procedure are obtained from articles from a local newspaper. After the photos are obtained, record sheets will be produced on which the participants will rate the couples. The photos used will be kept together (i. e. they will not be cut into separate male and female sections) for the simple reason that I am also asking the question; do the couples match each other? This would be impossible to do so if the photographs were separated. This also makes my investigation more original. The participants will then be presented with forms like the record sheet (appendix). Cause and analysis was the appropriate method for this investigation as it provides information on the strength of a relationship between specific variables.

Everything Felt Right In Black And White essays

Everything Felt Right In Black And White essays Everything Felt Right In Black and White In the last forty years Americans have gone from watching I Love Lucky, Lassie, and Little House On The Prairie to viewing harsh reality television. I strongly agree with the article Harsh Reality Written by Dusty Smith and Published in the Dayton Daily News. Dusty Smith describes the damage that is done to people who willingly sign up to participate on these new reality shows. Equally important, is the fact that Americans tune in every night to watch these painful, humiliating, and mean spirited shows? As a society, we need to re-examine why we enjoy watching a person be humiliated, but more important, what motivates a person to participate in these types of shows. Television accurately represents the values of our culture today. As we look at our society today, it is first important to examine previous society values. For example, in the 1960s when people honored and believed in the institution of marriage and vows were kept, it was further represented in those television programs. Communicating without cursing and keeping a promise after you made it was the theme of programming in black and white. However, over the last forty years our values have changed television. This is why it is so important to figure out what has caused the motivations of our current culture. Most Americans are motivated by a hope, a dream, or a desire to be famous. All three of these can be fulfilled usually through love, money or fame; and therein lays the motivation. America raised the stakes by offering it all. For some, their dream is bigger than the consequences of being humiliated by Simon Cowell on American Idol. Also, men and women are competing with one another on The Bachelor and The Bachelorette to find true love. We all want to be the exception or the one selected but certainly they cannot possibly believe that experience will provide them true...

Brave New World and Political Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brave New World and Political Theory - Essay Example Huxley draws inspiration from many great political thinkers as well as his own understanding of human nature. The idea of Hobbes, Mills, and Aristotle all inform Huxley’s understanding of the best and worst possible results of different styles of governance, allowing him to create a fictional novel illustrating the dangers of utopian thought carried to the extreme. Hobbes, in his essay â€Å"Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery,† holds some paternal notions concerning the liberty of individuals. This and other ideas of his seem to inform the misguided government of Brave New World. Hobbes begins with the statement that men are essentially created equal. Although they may excel in one arena or another, the individual’s strengths are not so great that other influences of civilization do no level the playing field. Huxley utilizes this philosophy with his aphorism that all men are biologically the same. According to Hobbes, the natural state of man is an inclination toward violence, as this is the only way to wrest from another that which is desired but cannot be shared. Therefore â€Å"during the time that men live without common power to keep them in awe they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war, as it is of every man, against every man† (Hobbes 12). In other words, Hobbes does not trust men to act with regard to others unless compelled by fear of retribution from some authoritative figure. This mirrors Huxley’s government, which sees the individual as a child who is not expected to think or behave except as â€Å"hypnopà ¦dia† (Huxley 16) has taught them. It is the basis of patriarchal thought, for only in a society where individuals cannot be trusted to behave can a government rationalize the removal of personal rights. Aristotle believed that a benevolent monarchy would constitute the perfect government. However, he relegated this

Corporate ocial Reponibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corporate ocial Reponibility - Essay Example The buine of Glaxo Laboratorie Ltd expanded greatly with the new market created by the founding of the National Health ervice (NH). In January 2001 Glaxo Wellcome plc and mithKline Beecham plc officially merged to become GlaxomithKline plc. The vault webite give quite a good up-to-date decription of the company: "Cobbled together from four izable and formerly independent pharmaceutical companie, GlaxomithKline i one of the giant of the indutry. In 2003, the company' revenue totaled $38 billion -- good for a profit of nearly $11 billion. In addition to precription medication, Glaxo alo manufacture vaccine, over-the-counter (OTC) drug, oral care product and nutrition drink. In all, the company market more than 1,200 different brand which are old in 130 countrie worldwide. Thi comprehenive product line can be credited to Glaxo' maive $4 billion annual reearch and development budget, a well a to it 40,000 trong ale force -- the larget in the indutry -- that keep thoe product moving out of the warehoue and into the market. Glaxo' annual pharmaceutical ale make up approximately 7 percent of the worldwide market" (www.vault.com). At an international level, intellectual property i protected through the World Trade Organiation' (WTO) Trade Related Apect of Intellectual Property Right (TRIP) Agreement. GK argue that patent and other intellectual property right play a vital role in encouraging the innovation and needed to develop new treatment for many of the mot eriou dieae. "We invet coniderable time and money to develop each new pharmaceutical product - an average of $800m per product. If a new product could immediately be copied and old by other we would not be able to continue to fund new reearch. Thi would dicourage innovation and limit reearch into newer and better medicine and vaccine" (www.gk.com). A well, although the organiation acknowledge the fact that the TRIP agreement limit acce to eential medicine, uch a treatment for AID, it doe not ee them a the key barrier to acce to thee medicine. It argue that countrie hould be improving infratructure and increaing public invetment in health care. GlaxomithKline argue that it policy require that all marketing and promotional activitie are baed on valid cientific evidence, and comply with applicable law and regulation. It alo comply with relevant indutry code of practice, uch a the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturer Aociation' (IFPMA) Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practice and the PhRMA Code on Interaction with Healthcare Profeional. Training i provided for all employee whoe poition require an undertanding of our marketing code, particularly ale repreentative(www.gk.com). GlaxomithKline recognie the importance of preerving the environment and protecting the health and afety of people who work for the company. It ha a comprehenive et of environmental, health and afety programme that provide tructure for our approach. According to GK thee are baed on tandard that apply, without exception, to all of it ite around the world. "Environmental

Personal communication in public spheres Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal communication in public spheres - Essay Example A research done in Senegal has shown that a small number of Senegalese people have access to communication technology and how this has impacted in having difficulties in having social interaction with other states and also access to information within the country, media is the only source of acquiring new models and behavior. Facebook users has being mentioned and credited as the most used social networking site all over the world. Other social networking sites include Skype, twitter, LinkedIn, meetin, wayn, netlog, MySpace among others (Sagna, 2000). Communication has evolved since the use the early stages; people have embraced the internet especially the social media as a way of communication. The most common social network sites (SNS), include Facebook, twitter and Skype. Through these sites it is true that online social activities have increased in recent decades. Facebook is the most used social network site followed by twitter. Skype is the third most used social networking sit e; the site is unique with its video calling services (Sahoo & Das, 2009). Facebook Facebook as a social networking network has being viewed as the mostly used web with ability to enable users use it to share ideas ,create motions of discussion and this has increased educational interactions between students and teachers as motions create that friendly and freedom of arguing ones ideas . Facebook has created openness as meeting of strangers and maintaining professional conducts (Munoz & Towner, 2009). Facebook as an avenue which enhances communication, it is the leading site in connecting people from places in the world and serves millions of people all over the world. Facebook has positive impact in the whole process of social networking, which includes messaging, mobilization of groups, spreading information and finding more friends and learning from different cultures. It has also lead to negative impacts in the general society like arching personal information which may affect o ne both physically and psychological (Maginecz, n.d). Advantages of Facebook as a tool of communication in public spheres Facebook in many occasions has been used to enable people connect each other and address issues affecting them in the day to day lives and has been used by many in different fields. Facebook carries with it the feature of using snaps for recognition and this has lead to reuniting of friends who are not within your proximity , regrouping is also a common feature where you can create group that have common ideology to discuss issues and events which are concerning the society. The group then grows to a desired size. The common idea and grievances are then addressed to give a different options and solution to the problem. The Arab spring revolution that took part in the Northern African state was made possible though Facebook, in which groups on Facebook where created and followed, they were used to mobilize the youth to join against the many years of discrimination by their leaders. The international community also joint in and was made possible by Facebook. Facebook has acquired an international reputation on matters dealing with mobilizing groups with the shortest way possible (Lindsay, 2011). Facebook also plays a major role in the political scenes. It is used as a campaign tool by politicians in selling out their policies. Being the most used social network it’s then seen to many as the major campaign tool and the fastest and the easiest way to reach a wider youthful population. Major politicians in the world have used Facebook as their campaign mechanism; this has proven to be a success. For instance the Obama campaign was more of the Facebook to reach out to the American youth

Economic Impact of the UN on World Trade in the 20th Century

Economic Impact of the UN on World Trade in the 20th Century Thompson, Tyler Many different sources went into providing an in depth response to the question, What economic impact did the United Nations have on world trade in the 20th century? Two of the most important sources used were The Reconstruction of the International Economy, 1945-1960 by Barry Eichengreen and International Business: Opportunities and Challenges in a Flattening World, v. 1.0 by Mason A. Carpenter and Sanjyot P. Dunung. The Reconstruction of the International Economy, 1945-1960 is a historical journal published in 1993. The author, Barry Eichengreen, is very educated in both history and economics, receiving his masters in History from Yale University in 1978 and his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1979. He wrote this piece in an effort to analyze the way that the international economy reacted and responded to the economic crisis caused by the Second World War. He also analyzed the different forces in play that caused the economy to react the way that it did. This work is valuable because of the insight it gives to the situation being analyzed. Eichengreen, as a professor of history and economics, has access to a lot of information relating to international economics. He is also very skilled at interpreting the extent to which certain forces impacted the economy. For this reason, this source gives an accurate overview of the international economy between 1945 and 1960. This document is limited, however , in the sense that it was written and published before the end of the 20th century. This means that the document does not give insight into the rest of the century, and so it is limited in the information that it contains. Furthermore, since it was published before the end of the century, it fails to understand the long term effects of the events that occurred during the time period. International Business: Opportunities and Challenges in a Flattening World, v. 1.0 by Mason A. Carpenter and Sanjyot P. Dunung is a book written in an attempt to analyze the changing international economy. Carpenter received his Ph.D. in 1997 from the University of Texas. He is currently a professor at the University of Wisconsin. Dunung has considerable experience in educating different cultures. Carpenters knowledge of history along with Dunungs ability to understand multiple cultures allows them to accurately come to conclusions about the international economy. This document is valuable because it analyzes the trends in international economics and gives a good idea of the forces at play in international economics. It also shows the different ways that the United Nations referees the international economy. However, it is limited in the sense that instead of analyzing specific instances in which the United Nations interfered in the international economy, it simply discusses general trends and the general methods the United Nations uses. Because of this, the source tends to be general in its information. Word Count: 470 Section 2. Investigation According to Article 1 of the Charter of the United Nations, one of the purposes of the United Nations is to, achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. The United Nations is an organization that seeks to maintain peaceful relations between major powers. Because of the far reach of this organization, the effects of their policies and actions have far reaching effects socially, politically, and especially economically. Through policies that maintain peace and aiding in the negotiations of trade agreements, the United Nations has had a major positive effect on international trade between 1945 and 2000. Prior to the formation of the United Nations in 1945, the world economy was in disarray. During this time period, the economy saw, the almost total cessation of normal international economic relations (Eichengreen 1). This lack of trade along with debts from the war left many economies in poor shape. Poverty was at an all-time high, while international GDP was at an all-time low. Many industrial countries found it difficult to import raw materials for their factories. On the other side, many countries that export raw materials found it hard to find markets to sell their goods. This general disruption of trade left many economies staggering and struggling. However, the birth of the United Nations soon saw the recovery of many economies. Trade was soon established between countries that had just recently been at war and the international economy began to grow. World trade has a major effect on international economies as, there is a strong positive correlation between growth in per capita income and growth in trade, (Roser). World trade managed to grow about eight percent annually from 1950 to 1965. And in fact, international GDP per capita grew at a steady rate and did not once decrease from 1960 until the end of the century. In 1960, the world GDP stood at 1.353 trillion US dollars as compared to the 33.391 trillion US dollars that it stood at when the century ended. The United Nations has enacted a multitude of policies in order to facilitate the expansion of international trade. The UN has created a series of 10-year International Development Strategies in order to develop smaller countries that may be rich in resources and could have a beneficial impact on international trade. This plan was set into place by the General Assembly in 1960 and continued throughout the rest of the century. Furthermore, they work with agencies that, provide technical assistance and other forms of practical help to countries around the world. In cooperation with the UN, they help formulate policies, set standards and guidelines, foster support and mobilize funds (United Nations). Although the United Nations is not the only organization that worked to benefit international trade in the second half of the 20th century, it was the common denominator in many instances and acted as the main organizer of other separate efforts. The role of the United Nations in maintaining peace has a major impact on international economics. According to International Business: Opportunities and Challenges in a Flattening World, military conflict can be extremely disruptive to economic activity and impede long-term economic performance. Through peace, businesses find it easier to find and hire qualified workers, work with less regulations to due lack of war time restrictions, and find that international trade is made easier through easier currency exchange. When countries are at war, many qualified workers are working either in the military or in a field that ties directly to the military in order to help the war effort. Also, trade between foreign countries that are at war with each other is very difficult because there are generally greater tariffs and restrictions on trade between companies in these two areas. In general, peace is good for business and the world economy as a whole. The United Nations completed more than 20 missions all around the world between 1945 and 2000 in an effort to maintain international peace. One of the earliest examples of these missions was their role in the end of the India-Pakistan War in 1947-48. This war began when India gained its independence as a colony from England in 1947. The colony was split into India and Pakistan. However, there was considerable debate between the two over who would get control over the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This eventually led to a war that was quickly stopped due to United Nations mediation. This action had significant impacts on international economies. India is a major exporter of oil, textiles, engineering goods, and jewelry, while Pakistan exports rice, cotton, tiles, surgical instruments, and rugs among other goods. Without the mediation of the United Nations, these two countries would have continued to fight. They would have spent valuable resources on the war instead of focusing them on producing goods for trade. This has benefited the countries that trade with them because they now have more access to the goods that these countries produce. This single conflict, had it not been stopped by the United Nations, would have had a serious negative impact on the international economy by hurting trade and reducing both imports and exports. On a grander scale, the fact that the United Nations has organized negotiations many times shows how they have had a great impact on maintaining international trade and improving international economies. Although the evidence points to the United Nations as one of the major powers that influenced the growth of international economies after 1945, some historians disagree. Eichengreen claims that the Bretton Woods Agreement was one of the most important policy changes that benefited economies, and this occurred without the aid of the United Nations. The Bretton Woods Agreement gave rise to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the International Trade Organization. This immediately paved a path for the reintroduction of international trade between nations that had very recently been at war with each other. The steady growth of international economies and the continued peace between major powers indicates that the United Nations played a greater role in international economics than the Bretton Woods Agreement. Although the Bretton Woods Agreement provided immediate trade relations, there remained considerable disagreement between the British and Americans over the particulars of the Bretton Woods Agreement (Eichengreen 4). In addition, one of the organizations that the agreement created was the IMF, which along with the World Bank are, twin intergovernmental pillars supporting the structure of the worlds economic and financial order, (Carpenter). Yet, historians claim that the IMF, played little role in international monetary affairs until the end of the 1950s. The quick transition to current account convertibility envisaged by the framers of the Bretton Woods Agreement never came to pass (Eichengreen 4). In summary, the United Nations has had a major positive impact on international trade during the 20th century. The United Nations mediated in international conflicts multiple times in the 20th century and has also helped enact trade agreements. All of these actions have been shown to have been beneficial to the international economy based on steady GDP growth throughout the 20th century and a quick recovery from the poor international economic situation during which the United Nations was created. Word Count: 1225 Section 3. Reflection This investigation has been a great experience for me. I have learned a lot about the process of gathering information from different sources and drawing a single conclusion. When I began this assignment, I knew little about the process that historians actually go through when writing historical analysis reports. I had the misconception that historians simply gather information that all seems to support a single thesis. However, I did not realize history is not black and white. This major issue is one of the biggest challenges that historians face. In my own investigation, I found that a single event could have been caused by multiple different causes. For example, The Reconstruction of the International Economy, 1945-1960 by Barry Eichengreen shows the different events that helped the economy respond to the crisis immediately following the Second World War. He shows that both the United Nations and the creation of different organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank, and the ITO all contributed to the economys recover. I was challenged and tasked with analyzing which factor impacted the economy the most. Encountering this in my own research showed me the importance of understanding the values and limitations of different sources. Being able to evaluate sources and try to extract accurate information from them is the job that historians are faced with. In this way, I learned that the work of a historian involves more than just gathering and discussing information. Historians are tasked with analyzing the information they use and being able to draw conclusions based on their analysis. When I conducted this investigation, I saw this dilemma first hand. Although I had a variety of sources of information that were all credible in their own way, I had to draw my own conclusions from the sources and be able to support my ideas. I value this experience because I feel that I have learned not only what historians have to do, but I have also gained the skills needed. I feel that in the future I will lean on this experience as a guide to any historical analysis that I encounter. The insight I have gained from this experience is valuable and the ability to draw my own conclusions is something I will use in the future. Word Count: 377 Works Cited About Economic and Social Development. United Nations. United Nations, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. . Carpenter, Mason A., and Sanjyot P. Dunung. Challenges and Opportunities in International Business. Vol. 1.0. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Carpenter, Mason A., and Sanjyot P. Dunung. International Business: Opportunities and Challenges in a Flattening World. Vol. 1.0. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. The Charter of the United Nations. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1945. Print. Eichengreen, Barry. The Reconstruction of the International Economy, 1945-1960 (1933): n. pag. Print. GDP (current US$). The World Bank. The World Bank, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. . Milestones: 1961-1968 Office of the Historian. U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. . Ortiz-Espina, Esteban, and Max Roser. International Trade. Our World In Data. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. .

Budgeting Issues :: essays papers

Budgeting Issues Music programs have a history of getting pushed aside in favor of subjects considered to be more academically valuable. From the 1970’s onward, music and arts have been routinely cut from school budgets. Until recently, New York City lacked almost any arts education program, and the Los Angeles school district had one specialty arts teacher per 4,700 students (Coeyman, 1998). According to the California Department of Education, the percentage of children who have access to music education has declined by half over the past five years (American). In addition, California schools are considering removing any music requirement for graduation (American). There are two main reasons for these cuts: money and test scores (Moran, 2004). In the wake of the No Child Left Behind Act, music education has been yet again squeezed from school budgets and schedules. With pressure mounting to raise reading and math scores, school administrators have added more reading and math classes th at leave little opportunity for elective courses like music (Moran, 2004). Music teacher employment has been decreased to the point that in Seattle, eleven teachers teach all of the elementary music classes in the district’s seventy schools (de Barros, 2004). No Child Left Behind Though No Child Left Behind is intended to improve the education system of the United States, interpretations of the act have lead to cuts in music education programs across the nation. While No Child Left Behind is a good idea in theory, in practice it has yet to work. The focus of funding has turned from what is good for students to what will help raise test scores. Paul Young, former president of the National Association of Elementary School Principals, commented on the trend among his colleagues to shrink funding for music education. As stated in a press release, â€Å"Music education helps a student learn ‘how to think,’ and without it schools are only ‘creating kids who are able to pass tests’† (Andrews, 2003). He is further quoted as saying, "When you take the arts away, particularly music, you're messing with a community's identity. Those principals out there who don't understand that and are only focusing on test scores are making a mis take" (Andrews, 2003). Secretary of Education Rod Paige echoes Young’s sentiments: â€Å"No Child Left Behind included the arts as a core academic subject because of their importance to a child’s education† (2004).

ITM all case study summary

Those purchasing online have their orders delivered to their coal LOCO store so that the LOCO can maintain its role in ensuring social responsibility and not shipping to minors. LOCO contracted with Robot Systems International to maintain a real-time inventory of products that directly interfaces with the company's warehouse management system. LOCO Senior vice-president Hugh Kelly planned to revamp LOCO. Com to better engage and target its customers through social media.Kelly also planned to bring flat screen kiosks designed to better inform customers about their purchases and get instant feedback. Supply Chain Customers see Vintages and LOCO. Mom first hand; they do not see behind the scenes where technology also plays a key role in the new LOCO. Systems such as the warehouse management system allow them to distribute products in less than a full case, know when a bottle in a case been broken, and accurately reflect the inventory levels so that when a customer orders a bottle of win e they can ensure timely delivery.Other systems allow the LOCO to forecast and replenish stock in a timely manner based on over-the-counter sales information that is fed back to head office. LOCO 2. 0 Internally, the company manages its communications with an extensive intranet that reduces the financial and environmental burdens of paper- based memos and forms. The intranet is used to send internal bulletins, memos, and expense reports, or to lessen the burden on employees when distributing LOCO media reports. It is the primary communication vehicle for the company.APS LOCO on the Go is an app that LOCO provides which allows its customers to browse products from their smart phones. Chapter 2 Information Systems Improve Business Processes at Grocery' Gateway Grocery Gateway is Canada's leader in the online retailing of home and office deliver groceries. Founded by a group of entrepreneurs with the idea that people had better thing to do in life than grocery shop. In 2004, Grocery Ga teway was acquired by Long Brothers Fruit Market Inc, a family owned independent grocery business that has operated physical grocery stores since 1956.Grocery Gateway sells groceries over the internet and deliver them directly to your door. They are open 24 hours, 7 days a week. People who have trouble or cannot have the time to buy groceries such as the elderly find Grocery Gateway to be beneficial. Information Systems Are at the Heart of the Comma/s Business Processes Grocery Gateways has built several key features in its Web site to attract and retain its customers, such as offering an online shopping demo, a getting-started tutorial, and email customer support.Grocery Gateway's Web sites offers a full suite of electronic commerce functionality that allows consumers to browse or find grocery items, see pictures and descriptions of product items (including their price), and to select items in a shopping basket and check out those items for delivery. Grocery Gateway's website must be tightly integrated and coordinate for the Web site to function as a cohesive hole. Using Information Systems to Manage Logistics Business Processes Grocery Gateways focuses on the logistics of quick delivery.Therefore the company has turned to the Descartes Systems Group, an on-demand logistics management solutions provider, to optimize Grocery Gateways selection of delivery routes. The technology allows Grocery Gateway to guarantee its customer a specific 90-minute window of delivery of groceries to their doors, a much narrower window than other retail delivery operations. The software that Grocery Gateway uses must take into account unpredictable delays, such s traffic jams and road accidents, as well as last-minute customer requests or cancellations.GAPS enabled mobile phones allow the logistics software to know the exact position and location of Grocery Gateway drivers to make the best decisions on routes for drivers to follow. The Descartes' software has improve the bottom l ine. Since deploying the On-demand Fleet Management Solution, Grocery Gateway has improved its on-time delivery performance by 14 percent and is exceeding its yearly stops per paid hour by 12. 4 percent. Routes are continually optimized for maximum efficiency. Access to historical ATA ensures that business processes are optimized and customer service needs are responded to more proactively.Chapter 3 Social Media and Gaston Catcher Where celebrities go, fans follow. David Kara noticed after famous artists began using his blobbing service Tumble. Therefore encouraging celebrities to set up accounts on the site has become â€Å"absolutely part of our road map and our business plan,† Kara says. Like Tumble, social sites are going out of their ay to keep the celebrities happy and coming back. Obama on Namespace, Faceable, and Twitter The Obama administration created profile pages on Namespace, Faceable, and Twitter.Namespace has agreed to build ad-free pages and equipped the profi le to get automatic updates from the white House's official blob. Faceable has worked with the handlers of select celebrity members, including CBS news anchor Katie Court and French President Nicolas Karakas, to get feedback on the new design of the site before it was opened to the public. Twitter co- founder Biz Stone credits high-profile users like actor Gaston Catcher and basketball professional Aquiline O'Neal for bringing attention to the site of 140;character messages but says the company doesn't reserve any â€Å"special resources† for them.John Legend Taps Tumble In addition to their promotional value, social networking celebrities represent a potential revenue source for these young startups. Tumble recently helped musician John Legend design a professional-looking blob that matches the look of his promotional site, created by Song Music Entertainment. Inning a website to allow its users to build their own social network. Inning charges its users but many of whom are celebrities $2. 99 a month for their social networks, but charges as much as $59. 9 a month to users who prefer to keep their pages clear of ads or who want to collect revenue generated by ads n their pages. Although Innings services is not exclusive to stars, many of the most successful networks on Inning draw on the fame of their operators, including hip-hop artist 50 cent and Q-tip, rock band Good Charlotte, and Ultimate Fighting Championship titleholder BC Penn. Many big names in business, including Dell CEO Michael Dell, use the professional networking site, Linked more as a business tool than to amass legions of followers.Whatever their reasons for being on the site, Linked uses the fact executives from all 500 biggest companies are among its member to encourage other businesspeople to join the site. Chapter 4 Shell Canada Fuels Productivity with ERP Shell Canada is one of the nation's largest integrated petroleum companies and is a leading manufacturer, distributor, and mark eter of refined petroleum products. The company, headquartered in Calgary, produces natural gas, natural gas liquids and bitumen. Shell Canada is also the country's largest producer of sulfur.There is a Canada-wide network of about 1 ,800 Shell- branded retail gasoline stations and convenience food stores from coast to coast. Mission Critical ERP To run such a complex and vast business operation successfully, the company lies heavily on a mission-critical ERP system. Using such a system is a necessity to help the company integrate and manage its daily operations – operations that span from wells and mines, to processing plants, to oil trucks and gas pumps. The ERP system has helped the company in reducing and streamlining the highly manual process of third-party contractors submitting repair information and invoices.On average, there are between 2,500 and 4,000 service orders handled by these contractors per month on a nationwide basis. Life at Shell Before ERP Before the ERP system, contractors had to send Shell monthly summarized invoices that listed maintenance calls the contractors made at various Shell gasoline stations. Each one of these invoices took a contractor between eight and 20 hours to prepare. Collectively, the contractors submitted somewhere between 50 and 100 invoices every month to Shell. This involved each invoice being reviewed by the appropriate territory manager and then forwarded to head office for payment processing.This alone consumed another 16-30 hours of labor per month. At the head office, another 200 hours of work was performed by data entry clerks who had to manually enter batch invoice data into the payment system. More hours of labor were required to decipher and correct errors if any mistakes were introduced from all the manual invoice generation and data re-entry involved. Detailed information about the service repairs that contractors did was often not entered into the payment system – it was often weeks or eve n months old by the time it made it into the payment processing system.As a result, Shell was not collecting sufficient information about what repairs were being done, what had caused the problem, and how it had been resolved. ERP is Solving Issues ERP solved these issues by providing an integrated Web-based service order, invoice, and payment submission system. With this tool third-party contractors can enter service orders directly into Shell's ERP system via the web. With the ERP system it takes only a few minutes for a contractor to enter details about a service order.Contractors' monthly, summarized invoices can now be generated automatically and fed directly into the ERP system's accounts payable application for processing. The ERP system's benefit is its ease-of-use. Shell offered its personnel both formal and informal ERP training. These proved to be invaluable in teaching end-users the mechanics of the system, gassing awareness of the system benefits, and the efficiencies t hat the ERP system could offer Shell. This not only helped promote end-user acceptance of the ERP system, but also greatly increased employees' intentions to use the system in their daily work.With this new system, employees across the company have gained fast and easy access to the tools and information they need to conduct their daily operations. Chapter 5 Supply Chain Management Inc. Helping Canadians Shop Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Inc. (SCM Inc. ) operates several large, state-of-the- art distribution centers for Walter Canada. SCM Inc. Is there to support Walter Canada's operations and commitment to its customers. â€Å"We strive to identify efficiencies that contribute to Walters bottom line, so it can continue to serve millions of Canadians and grow its business. Said Dan Gabbed, president of SCM Inc. SCM Inc. ‘s business is logistics, or in other words get the right products to the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy cu stomer demand. SCM Inc. Was founded in 1 994 by the Tibet & Britton Group. SCM and Logistics at SCM Inc. The conveyors and the technology work together with merchandise flow landing, and highly trained and engaged employees, to provide a â€Å"gold standard† service level in logistics and supply chain management for their customers. SCM Inc. Arks closely with Walter's buying and replenishment teams to ensure best-in-class Store in-stock, quality, and supply chain cost levels for general merchandise and groceries, which includes both non- perishable and perishable goods. How It Works How does SCM Inc. Manage the supply chain so that the right product arrives in the right store at the right time for the retail customer to buy? This is accomplished with a combination of technology and processes. Staple Stock Receiving Staple stock items are carried for stores throughout the year.Data on each store?s sales made before 1 8:00 each day are collected and transmitted to Walter's info rmation processing centre in Bonneville, Arkansas. The information for each of the stores supplied by the Calgary distribution centre is sent back to the distribution centre that same evening. The data is used to generate labels for the product picks the next morning and these labels are then picked and placed on the conveyor and sent to the appropriate shipping lanes. Distribution Assembly Receiving Dock The distribution assembly dock has 43 docks for receiving truck shipments.As the trailers are unloaded, with the aid of the Receiving Dock System (REDS), team members scan the bar codes on the vendor cases and enter the quantity for each item in the system; REDS will then print the required number of labels. The team member labels the freight and places it on the conveyor, which moves the freight to the shipping area after about a 12-minute ride on a conveyor Icepack Modules At each of the seven icepack modules, freight is picked from the slots, labeled, and placed on the conveyor to travel to the shipping lanes.The icepack modules work with all of the full case freight created from the previous night's production (label) run with freight that has been ordered in full-case quantities. Put to Light Department This department handles freight that is less than full-case quantities and that has pre-determined distribution to the stores. The department has three modules and each module is set up I sections. When the operator scans the label bar code created by the receiving department, which is placed on the outside of the carton, a light flashes, indicating what quantities to â€Å"put† into the container designated for a store.In this department the team member moves the stock to a stationary box. Pick to Light Also handles freight that is less than full-case quantities. This department on the other hand deals with staple stock items already in the building, based on the previous day sales of the stores that are not in full-case quantities. It uses the sa me technology as the â€Å"Put to Light† department in the order filling process but in this department the store box moves to the stationary vendor freight. Voice Voice is a process created by Walter that enables the distribution of non- conveyable stock.Product is picked directly from the vendor pallet and striation is given through voice commands to the pickers. The system tells each operator where and how many cases to put to each pallet. Each pallet represents a store. Merge Area at the top of the conveyor system where all the cases from all input lines come together. The cartons pass through tow scanners. The first scanner reads the label and sorts the box to either the north or south side of the shipping building depending on its final destination.The second scanner scans the bar code for billing information and then places the freight into the proper window to be diverted into its respective shipping lane. Shipping Lanes Shipping is the largest department in the distr ibution centre and the final destination in the building for the cartons before they are moved into the trailers for shipping. This department is set up so that each door represents one store in Western Canada. In this area, team members cover multiple lanes, using an overhead lighting system to determine lane priority. Trailer Loading Freight arrives at the shipping lanes from many input lines, in no particular Order.This puts pressure on the team members that are loading the trailers as they build secure loads. Team members must build secure walls of freight n the trailers to ensure safe off-loading and minimal in-transit damage to the stock when it arrives at store level. Loading safe trailers and filling them to capacity is a key initiative for SCM Inc. And Walter alike. The Billing Department Even though the freight has made it to the trailer, the processing is not finished. The Billing department takes over and creates the shipping packets from the paperwork that comes to them from the Data Processing department.Once the shipping packets are created, the Billing department also prepares the bills of lading so that the carriers can deliver the freight. In edition, the Billing department processes claims, credits, additional billing and reprinting of invoices. The Dispatch Department Once the dispatch team receives the shipping packets from the Billing department, they schedule the trailers using the dispatch program. When the trailers are scheduled, the dispatchers forward the information to the carriers to confirm delivery.Dispatch also emails the delivery information to the stores and processes all paperwork prior to each trailer leaving. Drivers pick up paperwork prior to each trailer leaving. Drivers pick up paperwork at the dispatch window prior to hooking up to their trailers. Chapter 6 Harnessing Customer Relationships at Fairmont Hotels & Resorts Richards Story Richard was impressed on his stay at Fairmont Vancouver Airport. His credit card was go ing to expire in less than 30 days so an employee asked Richard to leave his new business card at the desk so that his personal information could be updated in his records after he was checked in.Richard was pleased for receiving this care and attention and he wished other businesses could offer the same level of good service. Guest recognition program Fairmont realizes that information systems are critical to the success of a customer loyalty program like President's Club or any other customer relationship initiative. Consolidating Guest Information Fairmont built one centralized database that gathered information from all its various property management systems. The result was the ability to have one, centralized, and consistent view of each guest, regardless of which hotel a guest stayed in.The guest database provided a way to know and talk to guests, to service their preferences and interests, regardless of whether they are repeat customers or if they were checking in the hotel for the very first time. Enhancing Guest experiences Supersonic Networks provided 24/7 customer support to its guest using high- speed internet services at various Fairmont hotel and resort locations worldwide. Use of Information systems to improve guest relations and customer experience is its consideration of self-service check-in kiosks.Chapter 7 The Case for Business Intelligence at Nettling Companies such as Amazon, Nettling, Best Buy, and RIB financial use databases or data warehouses to collect your search data, purchase data, or track your activities, and then by using data mining tools and business intelligence they turn this data into information that can potentially boost heir bottom lines. Reed Hastings and a $40 Late Fee Reed hasting co-founder and CEO of Nettling was hit with a $40 fee for Apollo 13 at Blockbuster Video which got him thinking about the video rental business model.Why did video stores not work like health clubs where you could use the service as much or a little as you wanted for a flat monthly fee? So armed with IIS$750 million from the sale of a former venture, Hastings co- founded Nettling in 1997. The science and the Art of Nineties The box office success of a movie is only a proxy for awareness of a movie's existence; it does not necessarily translate into demand for the movie in the mental market, and box office success or failure does not mean success or failure of the movie in the rental market.Due to these two facts, distribution managers use their experience to formulate a hypothesis of a movie's possible success in the rental market. They then follow this up with the science of analytics to help them make the final decision as to what movies to distribute. The Analytics Cinematic does the following: It defines clusters of movies, connects customer movie rankings to the clusters, and then uses this connection to recommend movies to a particular customer. In addition, Cinematic also insiders Nineteen's inventory condition in its recommendations.Nettling will often recommend movies that fit the customers profile but that are not in high demand in order to take advantage of â€Å"the long tail. † What does this mean? Business intelligence is important to Nettling as it is a part of it secret of success. By collecting customer data in their database and then analyzing the data, Entail is able to have its Web site adapt to the personal tastes of each of its over 25 million customers in North America, and will do so even more with its plans to expand into Latin American markets in 2012.Chapter 8 Leveraging Knowledge at Bell Canada Bell Canada Canada's largest telephone and telecommunications company is constantly threatened by new competitors and innovative technologies. To stay ahead of the pack, Bell recognizes the importance of providing its employees with easy access to the most current information. Bell built the Market Knowledge Centre (MOCK) portal. The MOCK portal provides employees with e asy access to high quality, relevant information in a forum where this information Can be personalized, pushed, pulled, shared, discussed, summarized and integrated with other pieces of information.Bell believes hat such a tool increases the chance of employees making new discoveries, learning new insights, and strengthening their know-how. Objectives of the MOCK portal are: Enable Bell to meet competitive challenges in the marketplace Enrich the company's hiring and training employees Increase technological literacy among employees Provide resources to employees that can help them develop their knowledge and competencies. The MOCK provides information access from each employee's desktop.Employees are not constrained by physical geography, unavailable copies, or hours of operation. The portal facilitates both search and browse functions. Employees can locate documents of interest through a keyword search. The MOCK portal helps employees do their jobs better. The portal provides key strategic and tactical information needed by employee to support their projects. There are also savings for the company in delivering the MOCK portal.The portal eliminates duplicate spending on consultant reports, trade magazines, and industry documents across the enterprise by centralizing subscriptions to online databases and electronic journals and negotiating corporate-wide distribution licenses with suppliers. Features have been added to the portal in recent years include: 1 . Incorporating Google's Mini Search Appliance 2. Integrating news feeds 3. Creating subject pages MOCK staff also provides end-user customer support to employees.This involves fielding more demanding in-depth research questions from employees, rather than answering quick reference questions that employees can easily address themselves. TO ensure the MOCK portal is responsive to company needs, performance measures of client satisfaction are conducted regularly. Moreover, MOCK portal tool helps turn informat ion into knowledge by giving workers easy access to high quality and relevant information, and he ability to work with, share, and discuss this information with others, leading to gains in understanding and the ability to put this understanding into action.Chapter 9 Embracing Privacy at the City of Hamilton Privacy Concerns Recognizing the real concerns of Canadians over how well governments handle and protect the personal information they collect, the City of Hamilton has taken the lead in ensuring that any risks to the inadvertent release and misuse of personal information are minimized. Protecting Citizens A citizen, attempting to renew a dog license using the new online service, exposed a serious unknown technology vulnerability in the application.By entering an incorrect file number, the user was able to return personal information (name and address) for a different dog owner in the community. Municipal staff reacted swiftly in removing the problem functionality. In the followi ng months, staff from both the municipal Freedom of Information (OFF) Office and the City's information Technology Services (ITS) division worked with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPAC) to make the breach public and to redesign and ultimately reinstate, new functionality with upgrades to prevent unauthorized access of personal information.Learning from Lessons Technology is just a tool. If is human behavior (Hacking, purposeful misuse, an inability to take proper measures, or mistakes in design and implementation) that ultimately results in privacy breaches. Privacy Impact Assessment The City of Hamilton commissioned its first ever Privacy Impact Assessment (PIP) to identify any potential privacy risks, before proceeding with a User Adoption and Uptake research project conducted by Master University researchers.The project investigated end-user adoption of the millionth. A portal, collecting data from Web tracking information and personal demographic information from Hamiltonians who agreed to participate in the study. Chapter 10 Project Management and E-Learning The Project Marie Wesley was sitting at her office one day and thought to herself â€Å"l wish more Of our stakeholders understood what went into creating these documents and how time-consuming it is for the company to ensure the accuracy and readability of the information. She put together a proposal and sent it to university Learning Publishers and received $25,000 to develop her e-learning concept. Putting the Parts Together While Marie was at the fitness centre she thought of the concept of a stationary bike, the bike could not function without the other parts. This was similar to her project where she then jotted down capabilities that she needed to complete her project; management information systems expertise; securities commission experts; knowledge about writing for the internet; instructional designers; and educational experts.Putting Advisors in Place Marie had much wo rk to do. She needed to form her advisory Committee, determine her target audience, get quotes for various phases of development f the e-learning tool (and identify those phases), hire someone who manage the project while she wrote the content, determine the timeline for software development and implementation, and the how to assess the quality of the software throughout the development and implementation phases.Marie searched for companies that were interested in completing the part of the project that she wanted to outsource. She then found one, Star Communications. However it was difficult to judge the quality Of Star's work and the capabilities of the designers, as Star provided no work samples to help determine what the possibilities were for the final product. Adding Project Management After much consideration of the risks associated with partial outsourcing versus full service, Marie decided to let Star create the first module.

Nominalization and Conversion

Nominalization and Conversion Nominalization and Conversion Nominalization and Conversion By Mark Nichol Every field of endeavor has its vocabulary, and the business world, for better or worse, has contributed significantly to the English language with jargon- an insider language that often obfuscates when it should clarify and complicates when it should simplify. This post discusses two categories of such word adaptation. Nominalization is morphological change though suffixation- the creation of a noun by attaching a suffix to an existing noun or another part of speech. For example, pomposity derives from pompous, corporatism comes from corporate, and humanization results from nominalization of humanize (and, of course, nominalization is itself a nominalization of nominal, which simply means â€Å"pertaining to a name or naming,† though it often has a sense of â€Å"in name only†). This neologistic strategy is not inherently inadvisable; it is, after all, how we label concepts that help us understand the world. But writers can get carried away, piling up nominalizations into a formidable heap of sesquipedalian pedantry. When you find yourself collecting such constructions, aid comprehension by breaking the discussion down into more conversational prose- describe with a phrase what one word can do more concisely but not necessarily more coherently. The second category, conversion (also called zero derivation), sometimes takes this disassembly too far in the opposite direction. Here, one part of speech is repurposed, without alteration, into another, as when verbs become nouns. Some examples are well worn: Disconnect, for one, has become increasingly ubiquitous since its coinage several decades ago to describe a break or disruption between two entities or parties or between one entity or party and a concept. But other venerable words have taken on new senses: For example, build, which as a noun has long referred to a person or animal’s size and shape, now also denotes the development of a procedure or a system. Fail has existed for some time as a noun in the phrase â€Å"without fail† and in the context of a financial deal, but now it is an everyday truncation of failure. And read, employed for decades to refer to something read or the act of reading or time spent reading, has more recently developed as a casual alternative to analysis or opinion in such comments as â€Å"What’s your read on that?† Meanwhile, a new generation of upstart conversions has entered the lexicon since the passing of the last millennium: Writers refer to an ask, or what is expected or requested of someone. Solution is passà ©; one now achieves a solve. And the cost of something is often referred to in corporate contexts as the spend. It’s likely too late for an undo for some of these words, but others may quietly disappear, while those that remain eventually become as unobjectionable as disconnect as a noun. But unless you’re in the thick of the business realm (and perhaps even then), maintain an aversion to conversion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails41 Words That Are Better Than Good50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

Free Essays on Role Of Compromise In Family Relations

INTRODUCTION The institute of family that is based upon the sanctity of marriage has long been the integral part of the building blocks of a civilized family. It is the family that provides us with the relations that give us support, affection and guidance all through our lives especially in our society Family life is upheld and influenced by religion, literature, law, custom and a variety of external social pressures. Religious teaching provides an ideal picture of family relationships. Rights and duties of family members have been set out in laws and customs. Social status, material resources and means of livelihood influence household size and structure, the ability of the family to perform its basic functions and relations both among its members and between them and other kinsfolk. Families do not just provide us with our immediate relations but also with a wide range of other relationships and relatives commonly known as kinsmen or kinsfolk. Kinsmen, at all levels of society could be used as contacts, intermediaries or perhaps to improve prospects. But, again, such considerations had to be made carefully - an error in judgment could have long-term effects if the kinsmen failed to live up to expectations. Kinsmen are often used for finding suitable marriage partners and to act as intermediaries in bringing matches about. Kinsman could also be helpful in terms of borrowing money, equipment, animals and services. Thus family provides us with the reality of human connections. Persons who are not socially isolated had much reduced incidence (i.e. about half the risk) of mortality, a nine-year follow-up study in Alameda County revealed (Berkman and Syme, 1979). Positive self-concept and good social support have a combined effect in preventing a state of depression and of anxiety during an acute crisis (H... Free Essays on Role Of Compromise In Family Relations Free Essays on Role Of Compromise In Family Relations INTRODUCTION The institute of family that is based upon the sanctity of marriage has long been the integral part of the building blocks of a civilized family. It is the family that provides us with the relations that give us support, affection and guidance all through our lives especially in our society Family life is upheld and influenced by religion, literature, law, custom and a variety of external social pressures. Religious teaching provides an ideal picture of family relationships. Rights and duties of family members have been set out in laws and customs. Social status, material resources and means of livelihood influence household size and structure, the ability of the family to perform its basic functions and relations both among its members and between them and other kinsfolk. Families do not just provide us with our immediate relations but also with a wide range of other relationships and relatives commonly known as kinsmen or kinsfolk. Kinsmen, at all levels of society could be used as contacts, intermediaries or perhaps to improve prospects. But, again, such considerations had to be made carefully - an error in judgment could have long-term effects if the kinsmen failed to live up to expectations. Kinsmen are often used for finding suitable marriage partners and to act as intermediaries in bringing matches about. Kinsman could also be helpful in terms of borrowing money, equipment, animals and services. Thus family provides us with the reality of human connections. Persons who are not socially isolated had much reduced incidence (i.e. about half the risk) of mortality, a nine-year follow-up study in Alameda County revealed (Berkman and Syme, 1979). Positive self-concept and good social support have a combined effect in preventing a state of depression and of anxiety during an acute crisis (H...

Active Isolated Stretching for parkinson patients Article

Active Isolated Stretching for parkinson patients - Article Example Many patients have found complementary therapies as beneficial to them. Active Isolated stretching- AIS, therapy has proven effective in treatment of Parkinson’s disease. AIS revolves around the physiological principles of specific muscle lengthening, lengthening of the deep and superficial fascia and increased circulation of oxygen and blood to the tissues. The therapy allows the body to prepare for daily activity as well as repair itself. The AIS technique incorporates holding each stretched tissue for two seconds (Boelen 37). This assists the stretched tissue to avoid the stretch reflex. In AIS, the agonist muscle always does the work and this allows for the antagonist muscle to lengthen. In relation to Parkinson’s disease, the patients get to re-educate their neural pathways and muscles because of the active component in AIS. Repeated AIS allows the patient’s range of movement to become improved as well as strengthening their muscle tissues. AIS is a revered technique that assists to improve posture, restore body alignments, help eliminate pain and abnormal curvatures such as Kyphosis and scoliosis. Everyone can benefit from AIS. AIS is a superior therapy in dealing with flexibility problems because it has no age cap or many contraindication limits. AIS has proved to be a popular method of stretching employed by present day athletes, professionals, personal or athletic trainers, and massage therapists. The technique has proved effective in treating autoimmune and neurological conditions (Fatima & Lima 11). Autoimmune conditions treated by the technique include lupus, scleroderma, and fibromyalgia. Neurological conditions treated by the technique include post-polio, stroke, Lou Gehrig’s disease, and incomplete spinal cord. As a practitioner, I would employ the use of AIS therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease. AIS offers a preventive approach towards treating patients with Parkinson’s. Daily exercise is highly emphasized for

Identifying Potential Risk, Response, and Recovery Assignment

Identifying Potential Risk, Response, and Recovery - Assignment Example They are subject to a multiple number of insecurities that could prove to be very disastrous for the business to which the system belongs should it succumb to a threat. Businesses that rely on information systems have an obligation to maintain and keep it secure. As the Information Security Engineer for a videogame development company, it is compulsory that I adopt a vigilant approach to uphold my company’s information security (Godbole, 2009). Attacks, threats and vulnerabilities to the organization Hacking The organization is vulnerable to hacking. Hacking is a criminal act whereby unauthorized people with massive computer knowledge decide to illegally access the personal information on another’s information system, mostly to use for malicious acts that will harm the system’s owner. As identified, the organization’s system is not secure enough to protect itself from hackers. Should this threat not be handled the organization is at a risk of losing its mo st valuable information to anyone who does not have the business’ best interests at heart. Such information in the wrong hands could lead to the downfall of the organization without fail. Obsolescence The organization’s information system is outdated. This is a threat that needs to be addressed. In a business as competitive as the videogames one cannot afford to have information systems that are out-of-date. ... This means that the systems fail to work somehow due to various reasons. I have made an observation that once the systems crash all the information that was contained in it is lost and the organization has to commence from scratch. It does not have to happen this way at all. This is a problem that must be dealt with so as to save time. If all activities in an organization will be stopped just because one system crashed then the business will lag behind (Godbole, 2009). Poor maintenance by staff The organization’s staff are not using the information systems a required. This could be out of ignorance or simply negligence. I recently observed one staff member pour water on a computer’s keyboard. This is an outrageous show of poor maintenance. The systems need to be taken care of on the outside in order to protect the information they carry inside. Lack of maintenance could lead to a double tragedy, that is, irreparable damage to the computer systems and in turn loss of the data they hold. Theft There has been theft of information systems in the recent past o the organization. This is an attack that cannot be allowed to stand as it should be hazardous to the life of the firm. The organization should find out the source behind these threats and tackle it with immediate effect (Godbole, 2009). Strategies and controls to deal with the risks 1) Hacking Hacking can be dealt with using the strategy of risk avoidance. This means ensuring that it doesn’t occur at all. For this strategy to be enforced the organization needs to apply new methods of securing the information systems further. For instance, by creating stronger passwords for files. This will make it harder for a hacker to access whatever is

Should education be regarded as a public good or merit good Essay

Should education be regarded as a public good or merit good - Essay Example It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace." (art.26 - Universal Declaration of Human Rights) This is a research paper to find out if education falls under public good or merit good. For this purpose it is important to define public good or merit good. A public good in economics can be defined as a good that is non-rival which means consumption of the good by one individual does not reduce the amount of the good available for consumption by others (Varian, 1992). The term public good is often used to refer to goods that are non-excludable which means that it is not possible to exclude individuals from the good's consumption. If we take an example of a sweet, if it is consumed by a person it is not available for another person. Where as fresh air and clean drinking water may be considered a public good as it is not generally possible to prevent people from breathing and drinking it (Wikipedia, 2007a). There are very few absolutely public goods, but common examples include law, parks, street-lighting, defence, traffic light, etc. The theory of public goods was first developed by the economist Paul A. Samuelson. In his classic paper The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure published in the year 1954 he defined a public good as follows: ...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each individual's consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other individual's consumption of that good... (Samuelson, 387-389) In other words public goods are those products where, for any given output, consumption by additional consumers does not reduce the quantity consumed by existing consumers. Since there is no marginal cost involved in producing the public goods, it is commonly thought that they must be provided free of charge. In other words those who benefit less than the cost of using the public good will not use it which will lead to a loss of welfare. Public goods are mostly non-excludable, which means that if once provided anyone can use them, which when charged will lead to "free-riding". This is the reason that these goods will not be provided by free market. However, the public pays a price through the taxes paid to the government (ieg.ee, N.D.). A merit good is defined as a good that is under-consumed if provided by the market mechanism. The main reason for this is individuals take into consideration how the good benefits them as an individual. They do not consider the benefits that consumption generates for others in society. In pure economic terms, this is because the positive externalities of the good are not internalized by consumers. A merit good is a product that society values and judges that each and every individual should have it regardless of whether an individual wants it or not (Wikipedia, 2007b). Merit goods are products that are generally not distributed by means of the price system, but based on merit or need of the society. These goods can be supplied by free market, but not on the right quantity. They are provided by state as "good for you" (ieg.ee, N.D.). Should education be considered as a public good or a merit good Traditionally, in many parts of the world

My School and Its Teaching Environment Essay Example for Free

My School and Its Teaching Environment Essay In my school, the teaching environment is very good for teachers and especially for the students. When you see the school, at first you will say â€Å" wow! Excellent facilities, playground for teachers and students, cozy cafeteria and a library with good ambience where you can study comfortably, all classrooms are air-conditioned, enough computers for students with the ratio of 1:1 with internet connection. Each student has internet password as well as the teachers and staffs. The school used Fiber Optic line for internet (this is part of my work where I maintain the internet connection for the whole school). In my first 2 years in this school, I was assigned in Middle School but this year I was transferred to Elementary Department as Head of Information Technology including repair and maintenance with 24 hours a week teaching load for students from grade 1 to 5 (too many works hehehe) forgot to mention at the same time I am one of the administrators for TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language) exam. Every year, especially year-end everybody is waiting for contract renewal, thinking who will be renewed and who will say goodbye. If someone will leave then we are thinking who will replace them. Why? Simply because we are waiting for another teacher who will introduce another technique in teaching or I simply put it this way for new teachers: If you can’t beat us, then join us†¦ hahahahaha! The Culture of this country (Thailand) is almost the same in our country (Philippines) when it comes to being hospitable and respecting other people. They have great respect with each other especially with the old ones. In my school, students develop respect and tolerance for all others, regardless of religion, race, or class. One of the most distinctive Thai customs is the wai. Showing greeting, farewell, or acknowledgement, it comes in several forms reflecting the relative status of those involved. Generally, the salutation involves a prayer-like gesture with the hands, and it also may include a slight bow of the head. This salutation is often accompanied by a serene smile symbolizing a welcoming disposition and a pleasant attitude. Thailand is often referred to as the Land of Smiles in tourist brochures. There are a number of Thai customs relating to the special status of monks in Thai society. Due to religious discipline, Thai monks are forbidden physical contact with women. Women are therefore expected to make way for passing monks to ensure that accidental contact does not occur. A notable social norm holds that touching someone on the head may be considered rude. Pointing at or touching something with the feet is also considered rude. In every activity we do whether it is curricular or extra-curricular, we always align it to their culture if this is acceptable or not. But since we do have native speakers, sometimes they don’t even care about the culture. They always say that â€Å"Everybody knows what Thailand is† (for them most of the Thai women are slut, people have already changed) but somehow these native speakers must learn how to adapt into this environment. Yes, maybe that is their perception in this county and they forgot that they are Teachers. Teachers should give moral values and educate them in proper way. One of the problems of this school and even this country, discrimination between Asian and English Native speakers are very obvious. Sometimes they just use these native speakers as front of the school but most of the teachers are Asian who are more dedicated to work and yet under paid compared to these native teachers. Our administrators are composed of Executive Director (owner), Associate Executive Director, Business Director, Curriculum Coordinator, Student Support Coordinator, Principals and PTA. PTA in this school is very active in every. If we have activities either curricular or extra-curricular, the parents are always there to support us. Just to name a few for extra-curricular activities: 1. Students vs Teachers and Staff football match 2. Teachers and Staff vs Parents football match 3. Teachers, Staff and Parents vs Military Personnel Football Match 4. Teachers and Staff Football Match These are some interesting extra-curricular activities that everybody loves to see. Because even the owner of the school also plays in this event. We do have some curricular activities such as: 1. Debate in English(I’m the coach) 2. Debate in Thai 3. Public Speaking 4. Spelling 5. Story Telling 6. Quiz bee

Division of labor in a Household Essay -- essays research papers

Division of labor in a Household   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The division of labor in the household hold depends on the environment. Society creates gender ideology that affects the roles women and men take on in the household. In The Second Shift by Arlie Russell, she states three different ideologies of gender. There is the traditional, transitional and egalitarian ideology that determines what sphere men and women want to identify with, home sphere or work sphere. However, it depends what kind on the time period and society you live in that determines the â€Å"norm† gender ideology, which affects the division of labor in a household. The society, which affected the Mendoza and Ortega family that I have observed and interviewed, constructs views of the appropriate roles for men and women in the family devotion schema. Historical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An important period of United States history that affected the division of household labor was during the earlier industrial revolution. Before the industrial revolution in America, men and women work in the farm; it was a private family farm that both men and women worked. So around the 1830’s these farms were taking over by corporation, and during this time there was a growth of factories, trades and business in the new cities of America, which attracted men and women away from the farm life. However, there was a transition in economy of America, which affected men and women, but it affected them differently. The jobs that men were receiving were different from what women were getting. â€Å"In 1860, most industrial workers were men.† While, men where working in factories women where working in more domestic jobs, but only 15% of women were working for paid. Hence, most women stayed at home to take care of the second shift, housework. When men star ted working in factories and women working in domestic jobs, this change the way people lived, especially family life. Now men are leaving their homes, where they use to work as farmers, to city to work, while women primary stay at home to work. During this time period, the lives of men where changing more drastically, but women identity was still identifying with the home, while men were identifying with his paid work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowadays, women’s lives have changed significantly due to the expansion of jobs that have gave women more opportu... ...n working, still the women were the one who did most of the housework. The placement of living also had an affect on their lives as well. As a native New York, the part of queens the Ortega family lives, would be consider as â€Å"suburbs† and the part of Brooklyn, the Mendoza family live in would be considered as the urban. Their surroundings affected their affirmation of their choice of gender ideology. In Queens, most women were stay-at-home mothers and expected the man to provides the finical needs. Sherry affirmed her notion of traditional mothers by giving examples of her neighbors to state that it’s the â€Å"norm† to take at home and take care of your children. On the other hand, Gen lived in an area where most of the mothers worked outside the homes. She stated that today, â€Å"women should not identify herself with only the home, but with the labor force as well.† Both families’ neighbor encouraged them to believe in their gender ideologies, which had some contradiction between what a person said they believed, their gender ideologies and what they actual did in the second shift. The Mendoza and Ortega family had one person, the wife/mother, doing more of the second shift, housework.